Legality :: essays research papers

Today the vast majority of authors get little or no income from copyright royalties. For instance, scientific, technical, and academic journals usually pay nothing to their authors, and most scientific, technical and academic books earn only a few hundred dollars in royalties. Newspaper writers work on salary, and so do magazine writers, or they are free lancers who are paid a flat rate, not a royalty. Only a tiny percentage of authors make any significant portion of their personal income from royalties. Even in the case of books, typically only around five percent of the retail price goes back to the author. Yes, it is good for writers to be paid, but copyright royalties are a very inefficient way of doing it. So why was copyright developed? It was because of the invention of the printing press. For thousands of years, the only way written works could be duplicated was through a slow and extremely expensive process of copying by hand. But then the printing press was invented and it became possible to produce an unlimited number of inexpensive copies. However, there was a catch. To produce a printed book requires a very large expense ahead of time for things like editing, typesetting, running off at least a few hundred copies of the book, and promotion. A publisher would be willing to invest all this money only if it knew it would have exclusive rights to publish the book. Otherwise any book that was a hit would immediately be copied by other publishers, and the original publisher would get little or no return on its investment. So copyright law was created to promote publishing so that the public could enjoy the fruits of the new technology of printing. We have copyright for music recordings for the same reason. The invention of the phonograph made possible cheap copies of music. However, a great deal of money is required to produce the record--recording studio time, paying musicians, editing, producing a master, producing records at a factory--and also for promoting and distributing it. Copyright for music guarantees exclusive rights to sell a record, so music companies are willing to put up the money ahead of time to produce records in hopes they will make a profits from them. So copyright was invented so that society could enjoy the fruits of new inventions for reproducing works. But now we have new technologies that radically change the economics of reproduction.

Compare & Contrast Taming of the Shrew Essay

The couples in Taming of the Shrew all have various personalities. They all can be determined in different ways, through actions and emotions. Katherine and Petruchio are both similar when it comes to being dimwitted and arrogant which brings them both together emotionally. Katherine and Petruchio are both very different beings, yet also the same. They have different views of life and intentions but the way they express it is mutual. Comparing them is quite easy; because Katherine is actually they way she is because she covers it up with her true emotions that she wants to show. For example, her father favors her sister Bianca also the fact that she fears of never being able to get married to someone who can deal with her. She comes off as a Shrew not because that’s how she really is, it’s because it’s really a cover up of her emotions. Men back in the day looked down to her for being intelligent, and Katherine being hard headed showed them that they can’t tame or mess with her. Her having a mouth and being strong minded ended up molding her personality to the public, as some rude, uncontrollable woman. The one and only Petruchio, has intentions of only taming her for her money but in the process he ends up enjoying the ride and the company of â€Å"Kate†. With him being selfish and horrible it ends up actually being a good compare for the two because their personalities fit each other, either one can benefit from the other or nonetheless. Petruchio thinks that he can tame Kate, and that marriage is just about controlling wives. With both of them bumping heads all the time, one eventually has to give in because a person can only take so much until they reach their boiling point. He doesn’t care about anyone else but his self; compared to Kate she still has morals to certain people. But Petruchio only talks to or deals with anyone who can benefit him. But when Kate intervenes in his life it all changes, slowly to both of them. In conclusion, the two or both bad for each other yet good. Katherine has found someone to actually deal with her and her wittiness and Petruchio ends up having feelings for her, and not just being mainly focused on her money.  The couple rarely has differences in characteristics; the only thing they differentiate in is their intentions for each other. The main thing they are mutual in is their feelings and attitude to the outside world and each other.

A Woman’s Voice: the Poems of Sappho of Lesbos

`A Woman’s Voice: The Poems of Sappho of Lesbos(6th Century B. C. )` Sappho Translated by Stanley Lombardo Alley Miller- HIS 100 – Mid-Term Exam Essay `Sappho of Lesbos lived in a time in Greece where we have very little record of female accomplishments. Her poetry influenced stylistic poetry of the time and can be compared in composition and style to Elizabeth Barrett Browning or Richard Brautigan of a more modern era. Perhaps, what may be most notable about Sappho is that not only did her work influence poets much later, but they were widely â€Å"revered throughout the ancient world†, even when many more modern female poets were looked down on with distain. One must ask, while reviewing her work: what can we learn about Sappho’s life, the historical context in which she lived, andthe influence of her status as a woman from her poetry? `Many poets through history have concealed their true sexual identity to achieve a status of acceptance in the greater population, but there is no indication in Sappho’s poems that would lead us to believe she made a similar choice. In addition, other than the possible inclinations toward an attraction toward other women, her poetry is vastly conforming to the feminine idea. She did not fight to hide her sexuality or her gender. This speaks to the reader that, perhaps, ancient Greece was widely liberal views of sexuality. Obvious reference to fe male-female affection, yet still openly accepted by her peers. This affection did not conform to the â€Å"heterosexual role stereotype† that many same sex relationshipsdepicted by other sources conform to. This heterosexual role idea usually dictates that no matter the gender of two lovers one must adhere to the masculine role while the other to the feminine. ` `In Sappho’s poetry we do not see this. Throughout, her poetry she focuses largely on women, referring to: Aphrodite, a female lover, the women that surround soldiers, and Helen of Troy. She describes each as having feminine qualities with beauty, gentility, and fragility. However, she still describes herself with the same qualities and even humbles herself by begging the god Aphrodite and bolsters male dominance in Poem 20 by referring to the man that seems to be in possession of her lover as â€Å"just like a god†. This phrase and this poem as a whole indicate that, while homosexual relationships may be accepted, one must ultimately put a heterosexual one first. ` The poet did not fight to hide her gender and wrote in a very soft, feminine way. She did not convey a feeling of dominance or toughness, but rather a soft, sweet, almost timid, connotation. Even when speaking of wars, she does it with certain subtleness thatsuggests beauty braiding in images like â€Å"delicate†, â€Å"gliding†, â€Å"flute’s melody†, and focused on the sweet senses. Sappho was â€Å"A Woman’s Voice† in a time where most other women’s voices were blotted out. She was praised even during her time, while some similar modern poets were forced to conceal for success. This says something about the time in which she lived: that while it was undoubtedly male dominated there must have been some level of female acceptance and worth.

Pennsylvania News November 20th, 1863 Essay Example

Pennsylvania News November 20th, 1863 Essay Example Pennsylvania News November 20th, 1863 Essay Pennsylvania News November 20th, 1863 Essay Yesterday I witnessed what I believe to be one of the greatest speeches of all time. It was at the bloody battlefield of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It was at this juncture where many soldiers lost their lives fighting for freedom, and a unified nation. President Abraham Lincoln gave a speech in response to the horrific battle that took place the first three days in July of this year. The speech, although short, expressed some very good points. The peak of it, which I believe to be moving on and continuing to fight for what those men died for. He made a point of telling the people that those men had not died in vain but in honor.The cause they died for was righteous and what they had accomplished would never be forgotten even long after his speech was. The way in which the speech concluded seemed to almost be an encouragement to the people to keep fighting for the cause. He ended, and I quote, that we here resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God , shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from this earth. This speech, along with encouraging people to keep fighting, gave them hope for a better nation and a free country. Although many people look upon this speech as diminutive for such a serious occasion, I believe everything that needed to be said was said. Any additional elaboration on the subject might have made the speech drawn out and off target. Overall I believe that this speech was appropriate as well as influential.

Canadas Emergence As A Stronger Nation After World War Two essays

Canadas Emergence As A Stronger Nation After World War Two essays In the years following World War Two, Canada displayed its newfound role as one of the leading nations of the world. The conclusion of the Second World War created a time of remarkable economic prosperity throughout the country. Canadas economy boomed as it shifted from being primarily resource based to becoming a significantly service based economy. Also, the end of the war brought a noteworthy political alteration. Canada became increasingly independent from Britain as well as becoming an internationally accepted political power on a world front. Cultural transformations were also clear after World War Two. It became apparent to the Canadian Government that it would have to work to preserve and protect a distinctive Canadian culture and also incorporate the increasing immigrant population. With these changes, Canada emerged from the Second World War as a stronger nation, not only economically, but also in a political and cultural sense. Firstly, the 1950s were a time of enormous growth in the industries of Canada. Prior to the end of the Second World War; Canadas economy was for the most part resourced based. However, with the conclusion of World War Two, Canada shifted to a more service based economy. By 1955, service industries accounted for 50 per cent of the countrys income, with the remaining 50 per cent coming from manufacturing and construction, and the extraction and processing of primary products . Agriculture was still dominant in the primary industries, but forest and mineral products displayed increasing expansion at the time. With the increase of the service and manufacturing industries came an overall boost in the economy. As a result of the success of the service based economy, the gross national product grew from $12 billion in 1946 to something over $30 billion in the first half of 1957 . These statistics show an average increase of 25 per cent per year while the average increase per year in Can. ..

From Bookstore to Theater, Turning Your Book into a Movie

From Bookstore to Theater, Turning Your Book into a Movie After years of research, writing and submitting, your book is published. Your dream is a reality. But through the process you had another dream – to see your written words come to life as a movie.   There are two routes to making this possible. Your first option is to find a literary agent to represent your book in the entertainment industry. The industry loves â€Å"IP† (intellectual property). From the Marvel universe to The Hunger Games, this is an industry that â€Å"hungers† for the next big thing, and they prefer to find those through agents.   Agents are flooded with submissions, but if your book has a following, reviews, and positive press, it may be considered for representation. Finding such an agent follows the same path used to find an agent for your book- research. To get a feel for the industry you’ll want to start reading industry trades The Hollywood Reporter and Variety. You should already know aboutIMDb.com (Internet Movie Database), and the monthly subscription toIMDbPro.com has fairly up-to-date contact information (you’ll see who representsSuzanne Collins, author of The Hunger Games).   Identify the agent’s submission policy. It’s all about that first impression. If you are fortunate enough to secure an agent, and they get your work optioned, then the process moves into higher gear.   Generally, you will receive an upfront payment for a specific time period of optioned rights. You may or may not have input into the adaptation of your book into a screenplay. If your book is not produced Your second option is to produce your own movie. This means a substantial learning curve and working with a team of creatives. To start, you adapt your book into a screenplay, which is easier said than done. As a novelist you adjust your thinking because a screenplay only paints what needs to be visualized. Start reading IndieWire.com and FilmmakerMagazine.com for a feel of the industry. Attend film festivals to see independent films come to life.   See if your state has a film office. Through all these new resources you may come across a screenwriter to work with.   The Writers Guild of America is also a wonderful resource. Want to write the screenplay yourself? I highly recommend the software Final Draft. With your script complete, submit to festivals with screenwriting competitions (FilmFreeway.com). Winning nominations and awards validates your screenplay.   Find the right cast and crew, which can be a challenge. Seek out local colleges or universities that offer a film program and castings for independent short and feature films. Volunteer to help on set or, if you’re interested in acting – audition! From there you will learn what happens on a set. Carefully plan your film budgets to include distribution. Shane Carruth’s award winning Primer was produced for $7,000 with a box office gross of over $400,000. Look him up to see where he is now. You probably once thought that publishing a book was just a dream, but there it is in your hands. If you apply the same discipline, determination and patience to the film industry, you may find yourself in a theater watching your book unfold on the silver screen.

Christian World Veiw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Christian World Veiw - Essay Example According to the Book of Romans, Sin leads to our alienation from God, thus destroying our relationship with Him (Romans 5). Paul emphasizes that Sin came about in the world because of the actions of one man, referring to the Original Sin made by Adam, and this Sin brought about death to all mankind (Romans 5:12-13). He adds that while humans try to resist the pull towards Sin, it is only by the grace of God that we will be able to transcend the gap between us and Him. God’s salvation is clearly outlined in the Book of Romans. Chapter 5 promises that humans are now reconciled with God through Christ’s death. However, this is only possible if we likewise conformed to the ways of Christ, in which we do as He did so that we would be sanctified and renewed as images of Christ. The Book of Romans teaches us that God’s ultimate goal is for us to be his Sons just as Christ is. That is, since God created us to be in the image of Christ, we are only able to do this if we also manifest the actions and thoughts of Christ. The Book of Romans tells us Christians are to live just as Christ did. This means that we should offer our bodies as a living sacrifice to God, and not merely conform to the actions of this world (Romans 12:1-2). Rather, we must aspire to be holy, and transformed by renewing our mind so that we will be able to clearly see what God truly wishes us to be. The Book of Romans reveals that God is a great power and a divine person (Romans 1:20). This is so clearly manifested that Paul says men will be held without excuse if they do not see the mighty power and divination of